Ethiopia and Eritrea have severed diplomatic relations amid renewed fighting in northern Ethiopia, deepening tensions between the two neighbouring countries and raising concerns that the conflict could spread across the Horn of Africa.
The diplomatic rupture followed Ethiopia’s decision on Thursday to close its embassy in Asmara and declare 10 Eritrean diplomats persona non grata, ordering them to leave Ethiopia within 48 hours.
Ethiopia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said the decision was taken in response to what it described as Eritrea’s “direct and indirect acts of hostility and belligerence” against Ethiopia. The ministry accused the expelled diplomats of engaging in activities that posed a threat to Ethiopia’s national security.
Eritrea responded by severing all diplomatic relations with Ethiopia, saying Addis Ababa’s decision left it with no option but to reciprocate.
The Eritrean Foreign Ministry described Ethiopia’s accusations as “astounding” and accused Addis Ababa of pursuing hostile policies towards Eritrea.
The diplomatic fallout comes as fighting intensifies between Ethiopian federal forces and an opposition alliance led by the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF).
The renewed conflict represents the most serious escalation since the 2020–2022 Tigray war, which devastated the northern region and caused a major humanitarian crisis.
Ethiopia has accused Eritrea, as well as Sudan and Egypt, of supporting the opposition alliance. The three countries have denied the allegations.
The situation escalated further after explosions were heard in Addis Ababa overnight, including reports of blasts near military installations. The circumstances surrounding the explosions have heightened concerns that armed groups involved in the northern conflict may have expanded their operational capabilities.
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Meanwhile, a pro-government militia has claimed that it seized Milazat, a town located about 20 kilometres southeast of Mekelle, the capital of Tigray. The claim has not been independently verified.
Fighting has also spread across parts of Tigray, Afar and Amhara as federal forces confront fighters aligned with the TPLF-led opposition alliance.
The conflict has disrupted normal life in parts of Tigray, with reports of shortages of cash and fuel and renewed displacement as residents seek safety.
The latest crisis has also revived concerns about the wider strategic relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea. The two countries had restored diplomatic relations in 2018 after years of hostility, but their relationship deteriorated again following the Tigray war and subsequent disagreements over security and Ethiopia’s interest in access to the Red Sea.
The African Union has urged Ethiopia, Eritrea and other countries involved in the growing tensions to exercise restraint and pursue dialogue to prevent further escalation.
With diplomatic channels between Addis Ababa and Asmara now severed and fighting continuing in northern Ethiopia, attention is increasingly focused on whether regional diplomacy can prevent the conflict from developing into a broader Horn of Africa crisis.

